Nickel and Cobalt Compounds
Nickel and cobalt compounds are released by all U.S. refineries in the form of gas.
Nickel
Nickel compounds, including nickel carbonyl, are highly dangerous for humans. If inhaled or absorbed by the human body, nickel carbonyl can be fatal. Symptoms of nickel carbonyl poisoning are similar to those of mesothelioma cancer, including breathing difficulties and chest pain. Nickel chromate, another nickel compound, is also hazardous to humans, as is nickel aluminde. All three compounds are released by U.S. oil refineries. ConocoPhillips is one of the largest producers of nickel compound waste in the U.S. There is much debate as to whether or not nickel is a carcinogen.
Nickel compound output is regulated according to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act, among others.
Cobalt
Cobalt compounds, such as cobalt chloride, are also produced as gaseous waste by oil refineries. Much like nickel compounds, cobalt compounds can cause skin irritation, as well as respiratory, kidney and gastrointestinal problems, such as inflammation or tumor growth. Cobalt compounds are recognized as carcinogens, indicating that they may cause the development of some types of cancer. Missouri, Nevada and Alaska are the top three producers of cobalt compound waste.
Cobalt compound output is regulated by the Clean Air Act.
Last modified: December 09, 2009.
